Gabriele colangelo biography of albert einstein

Editor-in-Chief                                             
Uberto Pagotto, MD, PhD, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Editor-in-Chief Emeritus
Luigi Bartalena, MD, PhD, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

Associate Editors
Barbara Altieri, MD, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Moufida Ben Nasr, PhD, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
Sanjay Bhadada, MD, PhD, PGIMER, Chaudigah , India
Carla Bizzarri, MD, PhD, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Karim Bouzakri, MD, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg , France
Philippe Caron, PhD, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
Maria Grazia Castagna, MD, PhD, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Giovanni Ceccarini, MD, Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Filomena Cetani, MD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Luisella Cianferotti, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Giovanni Corona, MD, PhD, Maggiore Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Daniela Cota, MD, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Francis De Zegher, PhD, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Maria Cristina De Martino, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Guido di Dalmazi, MD, PhD, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Rossella Elisei, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Daniela Esposito, MD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Antongiulio Faggiano, PhD, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Paolo Fiorina, MD, PhD, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
Lucia Frittitta, MD, PhD, University of Catania, Catania, I

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Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2007 Apr 11;146(3):1150–1157. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.042

Abstract

Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipid mediators released following brain hypoxic-ischemic injury. Clearance and re-uptake of these prostaglandins occur via a transmembrane prostaglandin transporter (PGT), which exchanges PG for lactate. We used western blot analyses to examine the PGT developmental profile and its regional distribution as well as changes in transporter expression during chronic hypoxia. Microsomal preparations from four brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and brainstem/diencephalon) showed gradual increases in prostaglandin transporter expression in all brain regions examined from postnatal day 1 till day 30. There was a significant regional heterogeneity in the prostaglandin transporter expression with highest expression in the cortex, followed by cerebellum and hippocampus, and least expressed in the brainstem-diencephalon. To further delineate the pattern of prostaglandin transporter expression, separate astrocytic and neuronal microsomal preparations were also examined. In contrast to neurons, which had a robust expression of prostaglandin transporters, astrocytes had very little PGT expression under basal conditions. In response to chronic hypoxia, there was a significant decline in PGT expression in vivo and in neurons in vitro, whereas cultured astrocytes increased their PGT expression. This is the first report on PGT expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and our studies suggest that PGTs have 1) a widespread distribution in the CNS; 2) a gradual increase and a differential expression in various regions during brain development; and 3) striking contrast in expression between glia and neurons, especially in response to hypoxia. Since PGTs play a role as prostaglandin-lactate exchangers, we hypothesize that PGTs are important in the CNS