Qin yaqing biography of albert

This project aims to map and compare how sociology as an institutionalized discipline of teaching and research had been developed in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore since its introduction in ss, and to interpret the observed trajectories and patterns in light of social-historical contexts. The three cases share some similarities in their colonial past, Chinese-populated demography, and development trajectories as ‘Asian tigers,’ but demonstrate sharp contrast in post-war politics (geopolitics, state- politics, and identity politics). Three levels of analytical categories are involved in the analysis: regional geopolitical, state-institutional, and (collective) practitioner-level. On the one hand, this project attempt to look beyond the national container and bring various trans-border factors (e.g. scholarly migration, foreign funding and knowledge flow) into analytical scope under the conceptual framework ‘world system of knowledge network.’ On the other hand, the explanation sought is to be grounded on a sympathetic understanding of the actors from their psychological perspective. The analyze comparatively how sociology were institutionalized in the three places, the outlook of their scholarship, their negotiation with the Western paradigm, the interface with the public, and the varied consequence and responses in face of the recent managerialist higher education reform. Data used include literature and archive material, bibliographic and demographic dataset, interview with sociologists stratified by bibliographical factors, and some ethnographic observation in the field study.

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The Kyoto School of Philosophy (KSP), which originated in Taisho, Japan ( - ) and obtained its name during the early Showa period ( - ), has received atavistic attention in the past two decades. While the KSP originated in Taisho Japan between and , it obtained its name only during the Showa period, which went from to The founding father of the KSP was Nishida Kitaro, a philosopher who specifically stimulated curiosity on new possibilities of arranging alternative international relations for the 21st century primarily through his so-called Philosophy of Place (PoP). Nishida sought to overcome the Europeanization and Americanization of the world prior to World War II (WWII) through developing cultural sensitivity and anti-hegemonic thought. As such, the Kyoto School meets the current normative call for multiple voices in contemporary studies of international relations. Even though most revisits to Nishida exclusively perceive the PoP as a normative theory on improving world politics,  Nishida himself was explicit about his ontological appeal to pure experience. Together with his epistemological quest for universality, the two indicate a potential for scientific inquiry. Therefore, the literature owes him a scientific, rather than a normative, appreciation.

Other theoretical attempts to counter the perceived hegemony of Anglo-Saxon International Relations Theory (IRT) are typically both scientific and normative. An example of  this  is  the  emerging  trend  of  re-Worlding  subaltern  subjectivities. This  takes  place through demonstrating that actual world politics differs from the understanding presented in mainstream IR literature. Scholarships on re-/Worlding thus explore normative versus actual world politics. Reflecting on the widely shared perception of China as a rising country, an additional nascent struggle against the mainstream arises from the anxious efforts to establish a Chinese School of IR.  IR scholars propagating the Chinese School dr

Abstract

The manuscript compares the World History Standpoint promoted by the

Kyoto School of Philosophy with two other competitors – post-Western reworlding

and the Chinese balance of relationships - in their shared campaign

for alternative international relations theory. The World History Standpoint

explains how nations influenced by major power politics judge their conditions

and rely on combining existing cultural resources to make sense of their

place in world politics. It predicts that international systemic stability cannot

be maintained over a set of congruent identities because history’s longevity

allows for previous politically incorrect identities to return in due time with

proper clues. It specifically predicts that nations caught between different

identities will experience cycles in their international relations; nations with

an expansive scope of international relations or declining from the hegemonic

status will adopt balance of relationships; and less influential nations will

practically reinterpret hegemonic order to meet their otherwise inexpressible

motivations. Accordingly, Japan will be focused upon as an exemplary case for

World History Standpoint; Taiwan for re-worlding; and China for balance of

relationships. The paper touches upon theoretical implications of their conflicts.

References