Fahad ali kd biography of abraham

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by defective insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and impairment of insulin secretion. Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal‐dependent catabolic cellular pathway involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications. Basal autophagy regulates pancreatic β‐cell function by enhancing insulin release and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Therefore, defective autophagy is associated with impairment of pancreatic β‐cell function and the development of insulin rersistance (IR). However, over‐activated autophagy increases apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells leading to pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Hence, autophagy plays a double‐edged sword role in T2D. Therefore, the use of autophagy modulators including inhibitors and activators may affect the pathogenesis of T2D. Hence, this review aims to clarify the potential role of autophagy inhibitors and activators in T2D.

Keywords: β‐cells, autophagyinsulin resistancetype 2 diabetes mellitus

Highlights

• Basal autophagy provides protection against the development of pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction under normal physiological conditions.

• Over‐activated autophagy induces the progression of type 2 diabetes by induction of pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis.

• Autophagy modulators (activators or inhibitors) seem to have either protective or detrimental effects on pancreatic β‐cells.

• Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted using autophagy modulators to manage type 2 diabetes patients.

1. INTRODUCTION

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common metabolic disorders primarily caused by a combination of two main factors; defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β‐cells and the failure of insulin‐sensitive tissues to respond to insulin. T2D is the third leading cause of death worldwide and represents 90% of 537 million diabetes cases worldwide. Of note, 50% of the population older than 65 years, which forms 40% of the general population,

After a successful season one and two, the makers had laid out plans to come back with season three of The Buddy Project. However, latest updates suggest that the idea has been shelved

It has been a month since Channel V’s popular daily soap, The Buddy Project 2 ended. Sunshine Productions apparently had plans to start the season 3 of the show with just the male leads - Fahad Ali (Keshav Desai aka KD), Kunal Jaisingh (Ranveer Shergill) and Nikhil Mehta (Piddhi). But things did not work out. Also Read - Bigg Boss OTT 3: Is Imlie actor Sai Ketan Rao the third CONFIRMED contestant in Anil Kapoor's reality show?

According to our sources, the channel was not too impressed with the story line for Season 3. We called Kunal to confirm the story. “The Buddy Project 3 has been shelved, as per my knowledge. Apparently, there was some communication error between the channel and the production house. Nonetheless, it was the channel and the production house's call to shelve the project. I have no clue about the real reason behind it,” said Kunal. Also Read - Ishqbaaaz 2: Is Gul Khan planning the sequel of Nakuul Mehta, Surbhi Chandna starrer? Here's what she said

Palak Jain, who has been playing Panchi Rastogi for the past two seasons said, “Yes, the third season has been called off. But I had quit the show in April ‘coz of my 3rd year exams. I heard they are not making the third season, but I have no idea why.” Also Read - Ishqbaaaz actress Mreenal Deshraj aka Jhanvi Oberoi ties the knot with Ashim Matthan in a secret ceremony

Even Fahad had no clue why the show was called off. He said, “I do not know the exact problem. It was the producer’s decision and I respect that.”

Guess the fans waiting for The Buddy Project 3 will be disappointed. But life goes on, right BollywoodLifers?