Richard island biography

King of England from to

For other uses, see Richard I (disambiguation), Richard the Lionheart (disambiguation), and Richard Coeur de Lion (disambiguation).

Richard I (8 September &#;– 6 April ), known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from until his death in He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, and Gascony; Lord of Cyprus; Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes; and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and was therefore not expected to become king, but his two elder brothers predeceased their father.

By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and achieving several victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he finalised a peace treaty and ended the campaign without retaking Jerusalem.

Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his reign was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending the French portions of the Angevin Empire. Though regarded as a model king during the four centuries after his death, and seen as a pious hero by his subjects, from the 17th century onward he was gradually perceived by historians as a ruler who preferred to use his kingdom me

Overview

Richard Henry (–) was the curator and caretaker of the world’s first island sanctuary for birds. Henry managed Resolution Island in the remote south-west corner of the South Island from to

He tracked and trapped endangered native birds on the mainland, notably kākāpō and kiwi, transferring well over to Resolution Island and other islands in Dusky Sound.

Though a ‘world first’, the establishment of the sanctuary had been a lengthy process. Dunedin naturalist Thomas Potts had proposed the idea of island sanctuaries in the s. He had appealed for a haven for indigenous species at a time when introducing ferrets, stoats, and weasels (collectively termed ‘mustelids’) was being proposed to control introduced rabbits.

The release of these predators resulted in the rapid decline of native birds. This prompted university scientists, as well as members of acclimatisation and scientific societies, to pressure the government to realise Potts’ idea.

In , delegates at a meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement for Science resolved that Little Barrier Island and Resolution Island be considered as reserves.

Another three years passed before Richard Henry was appointed to oversee the Resolution Island sanctuary.

Henry was the ideal choice for this role. He had immigrated to Australia from Ireland in and had spent his childhood outdoors, closely observing the environment. He came to New Zealand in about and led an itinerant life, eventually settling at the southern end of Lake Te Anau. There he became known as a bush guide and explorer. In his spare time, he observed, collected, and preserved birds and developed a knowledge of kākāpō breeding.

He also noted the decline of native birds after the introduction of mustelids and predicted the extinction of the kākāpō. Self-taught, Henry developed his own methods of recording bird life and operated outside colonial scientific networks.

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Who Is Richard Branson?

Richard Branson struggled in school and dropped out at age 16 — a decision that ultimately led to the creation of Virgin Records. His entrepreneurial projects started in the music industry and expanded into other sectors, including the space-tourism venture Virgin Galactic, making him a billionaire. Branson is also known for his adventurous spirit and sporting achievements, including crossing oceans in a hot air balloon.

Young Entrepreneur

Richard Charles Nicholas Branson was born on July 18, , in Surrey, England. His father, Edward James Branson, worked as a barrister. His mother, Eve Branson, was employed as a flight attendant. Branson, who struggled with dyslexia, had a hard time with educational institutions. He nearly failed out of the all-boys Scaitcliffe School, which he attended until the age of He then transferred to Stowe School, a boarding school in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England.

Still struggling, Branson dropped out at the age of 16 to start a youth-culture magazine called Student. The publication, run by students, sold $8, worth of advertising in its first edition, launched in The first run of 50, copies was disseminated for free, with Branson afterward covering the costs through advertising.

By , Branson was living in a London commune, surrounded by the British music and drug scene. It was during this time that Branson had the idea to begin a mail-order record company called Virgin to help fund his magazine efforts. The company performed modestly but well enough for Branson to expand his business venture, with a record shop on Oxford Street, London. With the success of the new store, the high school dropout was able to build a recording studio in in Oxfordshire, England.

Virgin Records

The first artist on the Virgin Records label, Mike Oldfield, recorded his single "Tubular Bells" in with the help of Branson's team. The song was an instant smash, staying on the UK charts for weeks