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Professor Marc Oxenham
- About
Biography
Marc F Oxenham was awarded a British Academy Global Professorship, in the School of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, between February 2020 and June 2024.
He is currently an Honorary Prof at the University of Aberdeen and an Emeritus Prof in the School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University. He received his PhD from the Charles Darwin University in 2001. He has held positions at Colorado College, USA, and the ANU. President of the Australasian Society of Human Biology (2012-14), Australian Future Fellow (2013-17), elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (2011) and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (2016). Since 2009, he has acted as a consultant for the Unrecovered War Casualties Unit-Army (Australian Department of Defence) in which capacity he has searched for, recovered and identified defence force personnel from conflicts ranging from WWI to the Vietnam War, in France, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and northern Australia. In 2018 he was awarded a Silver Commendation by the Deputy Chief of Army in recognition of this work.
He has undertaken archaeological and/or bioanthropological research in Japan, China, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. Research specialisations include: reconstruction of health from human skeletal and dental remains, mortuary archaeology, and human identification and estimation of the time since death in forensic anthropological contexts. He is best known as a bioarchaeologist, focusing on human biological and socio-cultural adaptation to climate and technological variability/change in Holocene Southeast Asia.
Summary of research and public engagement outputs:
Competitive research grant income A$4.1M (£ 2.2M), h-index 38, i-10th index 95, 362 outputs: 9 books (1 single, 1 co-authored, 7 edited), 48 chapters, 95 papers, 2 encyclopaedia articles, 75 forensic reports,
- We will review, in a systemic
A robust scoring system to evaluate sepsis severity in an animal model
- Research article
- Open access
- Published:
- Bradly Shrum,
- Ram V Anantha,
- Stacey X Xu,
- Marisa Donnelly,
- SM Mansour Haeryfar,
- John K McCormick &
- …
- Tina Mele
BMC Research Notesvolume 7, Article number: 233 (2014) Cite this article
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Abstract
Background
The lack of a reliable scoring system that predicts the development of septic shock and death precludes comparison of disease and/or treatment outcomes in animal models of sepsis. We developed a murine sepsis score (MSS) that evaluates seven clinical variables, and sought to assess its validity and reliability in an experimental mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis.
Methods
Stool collected from the cecum of C57BL/6 (B6) mice was dissolved in 0.9% normal saline (NS) and filtered, resulting in a fecal solution (FS) which was injected intraperitoneally into B6 mice. Disease severity was monitored by MSS during the experimental timeline. Blood and tissue samples were harvested for the evaluation of inflammatory changes after sepsis induction. The correlation between pro-inflammatory markers and MSS was assessed by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
Results
Mice injected with FS at a concentration of 90 mg/mL developed polymicrobial sepsis with a 75% mortality rate at 24 hours. The MSS was highly predictive of sepsis progression and mortality, with excellent discriminatory power, high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.92), and excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class coefficient = 0.96). An MSS of 3 had a specificity of 100% for predicting onset of septic shock and death within 24 hours. Hepatic dysfunction and systemic pro-inflammatory responses were confirmed by biochemical and cytokine analyses where the latter correlated well with the MSS. Significant bacterial dissemination was noted in multiple orga
Abstract
The application of metabolomics in phytochemical analysis is an innovative strategy for targeting active compounds from a complex plant extract. Species of the Asteraceae family are well-known to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory (AI) activity. Dual inhibition of the enzymes COX-1 and 5-LOX is essential for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases, but there is not much investigation reported in the literature for natural products. In this study, 57 leaf extracts (EtOH-H2O 7:3, v/v) from different genera and species of the Asteraceae family were tested against COX-1 and 5-LOX while HPLC-ESI-HRMS analysis of the extracts indicated high diversity in their chemical compositions. Using O2PLS-DA (R > 0.92; VIP > 1 and positive Y-correlation values), dual inhibition potential of low-abundance metabolites was determined. The O2PLS-DA results exhibited good validation values (cross-validation = Q > 0.7 and external validation = P > 0.6) with 0% of false positive predictions. The metabolomic approach determined biomarkers for the required biological activity and detected active compounds in the extracts displaying unique mechanisms of action. In addition, the PCA data also gave insights on the chemotaxonomy of the family Asteraceae across its diverse range of genera and tribes.
Keywords: metabolomics, Asteraceae, COX, LOX, HPLC-ESI-HRMS, O2PLS
1. Introduction
According to the latest reviews on drug discovery [1,2,3,4,5,6], natural products are still the most successful source of biologically-active lead compounds, even when compared with advanced strategies such as high-throughput screening of substances obtained through synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. However, the traditional strategy has some disadvantages that act as obstacles in the study of natural products, such as its complexity and inherent slowness [2,6]. Traditional strategies used in natural products research are not always able to detect the true acti
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